There are many kinds of machine parts, according to the structural characteristics, function and load characteristics can be divided into: shaft parts, gear parts, machine guide and so on.
Material selection of machine tool shaft parts
The main shaft of machine tool is the main shaft part of machine tool. Different types of machine tools, spindle working conditions are also different. According to the size and type of load carried by the spindle, it can be generally divided into four categories:
(1) light load spindle. The working load is small, the impact load is not large, the neck of the shaft is not serious wear, such as the spindle of the ordinary lathe. This type of shaft is generally made of 45 steel, tempered or normalized, and reinforced by high-frequency surface quenching at parts requiring wear resistance.
(2) middle load spindle. Medium load, wear more serious, there is a certain impact load, such as milling machine spindle. Generally, it is made of alloy tempered steel, such as 40Cr steel, which requires surface hardening of wear-resistant parts after quenching and tempering treatment.
(3) heavy duty spindle. Large working load, wear and impact are more serious, such as the combination of machine tool spindle with large working load. Generally made of 20CrMnTi steel, after carburizing, quenching treatment.
(4) high precision spindle. The working load of the spindle of some machine tools is not large, but the precision requirement is very high, and the deformation should be minimal after heat treatment. Wear should be minimal during operation, such as the spindle of a precision boring machine. Generally made of 38CrMoAlA special nitride steel, after quenching and tempering treatment, nitriding and size stabilization treatment. In the past, spindles were almost all made of steel, light and medium load spindles can be made of ductile iron.
Material selection of machine tool gear parts
Machine tool gears are divided into three categories according to working conditions:
(1) Light load gear. Rotation speed is generally not high, mostly made of 45 steel, after normalizing or tempering treatment.
Material selection of machine tool guide rail
The precision of machine guide has great influence on the precision of the whole machine tool. It is necessary to prevent its deformation and wear, so the machine guide is usually made of gray cast iron, such as HT200 and HT350. Gray cast iron has good wear resistance under lubricating condition, but poor grain wear resistance. In order to improve wear resistance, the surface of guide rail can be quenched.
Material selection analysis of tractor and automobile parts
1. The material selection of engine and transmission system parts includes quite a lot of parts. Among them, there are a large number of gears and various shafts, as well as parts working at high temperatures, such as inlet and exhaust valves, pistons and so on. Their USE material IS MORE important, IT IS TO CHOOSE MATERIAL ACCORDING TO USE EXPERIENCE COMMONLY. For different types of vehicles and different production plants, the engine and transmission system materials are not the same. According to the specific working conditions of the parts and the actual failure mode, through a large number of calculations and tests to select the appropriate material.
2. Material selection for reducing automobile weight With the increasing shortage of energy and raw materials, people have higher and higher requirements for automobile energy saving and consumption reduction. And reducing the weight can improve the weight utilization coefficient of the vehicle, reduce the consumption of materials and fuel consumption, which is of great significance in the saving of resources and energy and economic value. The material used to reduce the weight should be lighter than the traditional material and can ensure the performance of the business. For example, with aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy instead of cast iron, the weight can be reduced to the original 1/3 ~ 1/4, but does not affect its performance; Using the new type of duplex steel sheet instead of ordinary low carbon steel sheet to produce automotive stamping parts, can use relatively thin sheet, reduce the weight, but does not reduce the strength of components; Using plastic or fiber-reinforced composites instead of steel in car bodies and some less important structural parts can also reduce weight and energy consumption.
Material selection of machine tool shaft parts
The main shaft of machine tool is the main shaft part of machine tool. Different types of machine tools, spindle working conditions are also different. According to the size and type of load carried by the spindle, it can be generally divided into four categories:
(1) light load spindle. The working load is small, the impact load is not large, the neck of the shaft is not serious wear, such as the spindle of the ordinary lathe. This type of shaft is generally made of 45 steel, tempered or normalized, and reinforced by high-frequency surface quenching at parts requiring wear resistance.
(2) middle load spindle. Medium load, wear more serious, there is a certain impact load, such as milling machine spindle. Generally, it is made of alloy tempered steel, such as 40Cr steel, which requires surface hardening of wear-resistant parts after quenching and tempering treatment.
(3) heavy duty spindle. Large working load, wear and impact are more serious, such as the combination of machine tool spindle with large working load. Generally made of 20CrMnTi steel, after carburizing, quenching treatment.
(4) high precision spindle. The working load of the spindle of some machine tools is not large, but the precision requirement is very high, and the deformation should be minimal after heat treatment. Wear should be minimal during operation, such as the spindle of a precision boring machine. Generally made of 38CrMoAlA special nitride steel, after quenching and tempering treatment, nitriding and size stabilization treatment. In the past, spindles were almost all made of steel, light and medium load spindles can be made of ductile iron.
Material selection of machine tool gear parts
Machine tool gears are divided into three categories according to working conditions:
(1) Light load gear. Rotation speed is generally not high, mostly made of 45 steel, after normalizing or tempering treatment.
(2) medium load gear. Generally made of 45 steel, after normalizing or tempering, high frequency surface hardening is carried out to improve the bearing capacity and wear resistance of gear. For large size gear, it is required to use 40Cr alloy tempered steel manufacturing. General machine tools live in the transmission system and feed system of the gear, most of them belong to this category.
Material selection of machine tool guide rail
The precision of machine guide has great influence on the precision of the whole machine tool. It is necessary to prevent its deformation and wear, so the machine guide is usually made of gray cast iron, such as HT200 and HT350. Gray cast iron has good wear resistance under lubricating condition, but poor grain wear resistance. In order to improve wear resistance, the surface of guide rail can be quenched.
Material selection analysis of tractor and automobile parts
1. The material selection of engine and transmission system parts includes quite a lot of parts. Among them, there are a large number of gears and various shafts, as well as parts working at high temperatures, such as inlet and exhaust valves, pistons and so on. Their USE material IS MORE important, IT IS TO CHOOSE MATERIAL ACCORDING TO USE EXPERIENCE COMMONLY. For different types of vehicles and different production plants, the engine and transmission system materials are not the same. According to the specific working conditions of the parts and the actual failure mode, through a large number of calculations and tests to select the appropriate material.
2. Material selection for reducing automobile weight With the increasing shortage of energy and raw materials, people have higher and higher requirements for automobile energy saving and consumption reduction. And reducing the weight can improve the weight utilization coefficient of the vehicle, reduce the consumption of materials and fuel consumption, which is of great significance in the saving of resources and energy and economic value. The material used to reduce the weight should be lighter than the traditional material and can ensure the performance of the business. For example, with aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy instead of cast iron, the weight can be reduced to the original 1/3 ~ 1/4, but does not affect its performance; Using the new type of duplex steel sheet instead of ordinary low carbon steel sheet to produce automotive stamping parts, can use relatively thin sheet, reduce the weight, but does not reduce the strength of components; Using plastic or fiber-reinforced composites instead of steel in car bodies and some less important structural parts can also reduce weight and energy consumption.
